units

Table of Contents

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Schema Document Properties

Target Namespacehttp://www.opengis.net/gml
Version3.2.0
Languageen
Element and Attribute Namespaces
  • Global element and attribute declarations belong to this schema's target namespace.
  • By default, local element declarations belong to this schema's target namespace.
  • By default, local attribute declarations have no namespace.
Schema Composition
  • This schema includes components from the following schema document(s):
DocumentationSee ISO/DIS 17.2. Several GML Schema components concern or require a reference scale or units of measure. Units are required for quantities that may occur as values of properties of feature types, as the results of observations, in the range parameters of a coverage, and for measures used in Coordinate Reference System definitions. The basic unit definition is an extension of the general gml:Definition element defined in 16.2.1. Three specialized elements for unit definition are further derived from this. This model is based on the SI system of units [ISO 1000], which distinguishes between Base Units and Derived Units. - Base Units are the preferred units for a set of orthogonal fundamental quantities which define the particular system of units, which may not be derived by combination of other base units. - Derived Units are the preferred units for other quantities in the system, which may be defined by algebraic combination of the base units. In some application areas Conventional units are used, which may be converted to the preferred units using a scaling factor or a formula which defines a re-scaling and offset. The set of preferred units for all physical quantity types in a particular system of units is composed of the union of its base units and derived units. Unit definitions are substitutable for the gml:Definition element declared as part of the dictionary model. A dictionary that contains only unit definitions and references to unit definitions is a units dictionary.
Application Dataunits.xsd
More information at: urn:ogc:specification:gml:schema-xsd:units:3.2.0.

Declared Namespaces

PrefixNamespace
Default namespacehttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
xmlhttp://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace
gmlhttp://www.opengis.net/gml
Schema Component Representation
<schema xml:lang="en" targetNamespace="http://www.opengis.net/gml" elementFormDefault="qualified" version="3.2.0">
<include schemaLocation="dictionary.xsd"/>
...
</schema>
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Global Declarations

Element: BaseUnit

  • This element can be used wherever the following element is referenced:
NameBaseUnit
Typegml:BaseUnitType
Nillableno
Abstractno
DocumentationA base unit is a unit of measure that cannot be derived by combination of other base units within a particular system of units. For example, in the SI system of units, the base units are metre, kilogram, second, Ampere, Kelvin, mole, and candela, for the physical quantity types length, mass, time interval, electric current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of substance and luminous intensity, respectively. gml:BaseUnit extends generic gml:UnitDefinition with the property gml:unitsSystem, which carries a reference to the units system to which this base unit is asserted to belong.
XML Instance Representation
<gml:BaseUnit
gml:id="[1]">
<gml:metaDataProperty> ... </gml:metaDataProperty> [0..*]
<gml:description> ... </gml:description> [0..1]
<gml:descriptionReference> ... </gml:descriptionReference> [0..1]
<gml:identifier> ... </gml:identifier> [1]
<gml:name> ... </gml:name> [0..*]
<gml:remarks> ... </gml:remarks> [0..1]
<gml:quantityType> ... </gml:quantityType> [0..1]
<gml:quantityTypeReference> ... </gml:quantityTypeReference> [0..1]
<gml:catalogSymbol> ... </gml:catalogSymbol> [0..1]
<gml:unitsSystem> gml:ReferenceType </gml:unitsSystem> [1]
</gml:BaseUnit>
Schema Component Representation
<element name="BaseUnit" type="gml:BaseUnitType" substitutionGroup="gml:UnitDefinition"/>
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Element: ConventionalUnit

  • This element can be used wherever the following element is referenced:
NameConventionalUnit
Typegml:ConventionalUnitType
Nillableno
Abstractno
DocumentationConventional units that are neither base units nor defined by direct combination of base units are used in many application domains. For example electronVolt for energy, feet and nautical miles for length. In most cases there is a known, usually linear, conversion to a preferred unit which is either a base unit or derived by direct combination of base units. The gml:ConventionalUnit extends gml:UnitDefinition with a property that describes a conversion to a preferred unit for this physical quantity. When the conversion is exact, the element gml:conversionToPreferredUnit should be used, or when the conversion is not exact the element gml:roughConversionToPreferredUnit is available. Both of these elements have the same content model. The gml:derivationUnitTerm property defined above is included to allow a user to optionally record how this unit may be derived from other (“more primitive”) units.
XML Instance Representation
<gml:ConventionalUnit
gml:id="[1]">
<gml:metaDataProperty> ... </gml:metaDataProperty> [0..*]
<gml:description> ... </gml:description> [0..1]
<gml:descriptionReference> ... </gml:descriptionReference> [0..1]
<gml:identifier> ... </gml:identifier> [1]
<gml:name> ... </gml:name> [0..*]
<gml:remarks> ... </gml:remarks> [0..1]
<gml:quantityType> ... </gml:quantityType> [0..1]
<gml:quantityTypeReference> ... </gml:quantityTypeReference> [0..1]
<gml:catalogSymbol> ... </gml:catalogSymbol> [0..1]
Start Choice [1]
<gml:conversionToPreferredUnit> ... </gml:conversionToPreferredUnit> [1]
<gml:roughConversionToPreferredUnit> ... </gml:roughConversionToPreferredUnit> [1]
End Choice
<gml:derivationUnitTerm> ... </gml:derivationUnitTerm> [0..*]
</gml:ConventionalUnit>
Schema Component Representation
<element name="ConventionalUnit" type="gml:ConventionalUnitType" substitutionGroup="gml:UnitDefinition"/>
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Element: DerivedUnit

  • This element can be used wherever the following element is referenced:
NameDerivedUnit
Typegml:DerivedUnitType
Nillableno
Abstractno
DocumentationDerived units are defined by combination of other units. Derived units are used for quantities other than those corresponding to the base units, such as hertz (s-1) for frequency, Newton (kg.m/s2) for force. Derived units based directly on base units are usually preferred for quantities other than the fundamental quantities within a system. If a derived unit is not the preferred unit, the gml:ConventionalUnit element should be used instead. The gml:DerivedUnit extends gml:UnitDefinition with the property gml:derivationUnitTerms.
XML Instance Representation
<gml:DerivedUnit
gml:id="[1]">
<gml:metaDataProperty> ... </gml:metaDataProperty> [0..*]
<gml:description> ... </gml:description> [0..1]
<gml:descriptionReference> ... </gml:descriptionReference> [0..1]
<gml:identifier> ... </gml:identifier> [1]
<gml:name> ... </gml:name> [0..*]
<gml:remarks> ... </gml:remarks> [0..1]
<gml:quantityType> ... </gml:quantityType> [0..1]
<gml:quantityTypeReference> ... </gml:quantityTypeReference> [0..1]
<gml:catalogSymbol> ... </gml:catalogSymbol> [0..1]
<gml:derivationUnitTerm> ... </gml:derivationUnitTerm> [1..*]
</gml:DerivedUnit>
Schema Component Representation
<element name="DerivedUnit" type="gml:DerivedUnitType" substitutionGroup="gml:UnitDefinition"/>
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Element: UnitDefinition

NameUnitDefinition
Typegml:UnitDefinitionType
Nillableno
Abstractno
DocumentationA gml:UnitDefinition is a general definition of a unit of measure. This generic element is used only for units for which no relationship with other units or units systems is known. The content model of gml:UnitDefinition adds three additional properties to gml:Definition, gml:quantityType, gml:quantityTypeReference and gml:catalogSymbol. The gml:catalogSymbol property optionally gives the short symbol used for this unit. This element is usually used when the relationship of this unit to other units or units systems is unknown.
XML Instance Representation
<gml:UnitDefinition
gml:id="[1]">
<gml:metaDataProperty> ... </gml:metaDataProperty> [0..*]
<gml:description> ... </gml:description> [0..1]
<gml:descriptionReference> ... </gml:descriptionReference> [0..1]
<gml:identifier> ... </gml:identifier> [1]
<gml:name> ... </gml:name> [0..*]
<gml:remarks> ... </gml:remarks> [0..1]
<gml:quantityType> ... </gml:quantityType> [0..1]
<gml:quantityTypeReference> ... </gml:quantityTypeReference> [0..1]
<gml:catalogSymbol> ... </gml:catalogSymbol> [0..1]
</gml:UnitDefinition>
Schema Component Representation
<element name="UnitDefinition" type="gml:UnitDefinitionType" substitutionGroup="gml:Definition"/>
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Element: catalogSymbol

NamecatalogSymbol
Typegml:CodeType
Nillableno
Abstractno
DocumentationThe catalogSymbol is the preferred lexical symbol used for this unit of measure. The codeSpace attribute in gml:CodeType identifies a namespace for the catalog symbol value, and might reference the external catalog. The string value in gml:CodeType contains the value of a symbol that should be unique within this catalog namespace. This symbol often appears explicitly in the catalog, but it could be a combination of symbols using a specified algebra of units.
XML Instance Representation
<gml:catalogSymbol
codeSpace="anyURI [0..1]">
string
</gml:catalogSymbol>
Schema Component Representation
<element name="catalogSymbol" type="gml:CodeType"/>
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Element: conversionToPreferredUnit

NameconversionToPreferredUnit
Typegml:ConversionToPreferredUnitType
Nillableno
Abstractno
DocumentationThe elements gml:conversionToPreferredUnit and gml:roughConversionToPreferredUnit represent parameters used to convert conventional units to preferred units for this physical quantity type. A preferred unit is either a Base Unit or a Derived Unit that is selected for all values of one physical quantity type.
XML Instance Representation
<gml:conversionToPreferredUnit
uom="gml:UomIdentifier [1]">
Start Choice [1]
<gml:factor> double </gml:factor> [1]
<gml:formula> gml:FormulaType </gml:formula> [1]
End Choice
</gml:conversionToPreferredUnit>
Schema Component Representation
<element name="conversionToPreferredUnit" type="gml:ConversionToPreferredUnitType"/>
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Element: derivationUnitTerm

NamederivationUnitTerm
Typegml:DerivationUnitTermType
Nillableno
Abstractno
DocumentationA set of gml:derivationUnitTerm elements describes a derived unit of measure. Each element carries an integer exponent. The terms are combined by raising each referenced unit to the power of its exponent and forming the product. This unit term references another unit of measure (uom) and provides an integer exponent applied to that unit in defining the compound unit. The exponent may be positive or negative, but not zero.
XML Instance Representation
<gml:derivationUnitTerm
uom="gml:UomIdentifier [1]"
exponent="integer [0..1]"/>
Schema Component Representation
<element name="derivationUnitTerm" type="gml:DerivationUnitTermType"/>
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Element: quantityType

NamequantityType
Typegml:StringOrRefType
Nillableno
Abstractno
DocumentationThe gml:quantityType property indicates the phenomenon to which the units apply. This element contains an informal description of the phenomenon or type of physical quantity that is measured or observed. When the physical quantity is the result of an observation or measurement, this term is known as observable type or measurand. The use of gml:quantityType for references to remote values is deprecated.
XML Instance Representation
<gml:quantityType
xlink:type="simple [0..1]"
xlink:href="[0..1]"
xlink:role="[0..1]"
xlink:arcrole="[0..1]"
xlink:title="[0..1]"
xlink:show="[0..1]"
xlink:actuate="[0..1]"
nilReason="gml:NilReasonType [0..1]"
gml:remoteSchema="[0..1]">
string
</gml:quantityType>
Schema Component Representation
<element name="quantityType" type="gml:StringOrRefType"/>
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Element: quantityTypeReference

NamequantityTypeReference
Typegml:ReferenceType
Nillableno
Abstractno
DocumentationThe gml:quantityTypeReference property indicates the phenomenon to which the units apply. The content is a reference to a remote value.
XML Instance Representation
<gml:quantityTypeReference
owns="boolean [0..1]"
xlink:type="simple [0..1]"
xlink:href="[0..1]"
xlink:role="[0..1]"
xlink:arcrole="[0..1]"
xlink:title="[0..1]"
xlink:show="[0..1]"
xlink:actuate="[0..1]"
nilReason="gml:NilReasonType [0..1]"
gml:remoteSchema="[0..1]"/>
Schema Component Representation
<element name="quantityTypeReference" type="gml:ReferenceType"/>
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Element: roughConversionToPreferredUnit

NameroughConversionToPreferredUnit
Typegml:ConversionToPreferredUnitType
Nillableno
Abstractno
DocumentationThe elements gml:conversionToPreferredUnit and gml:roughConversionToPreferredUnit represent parameters used to convert conventional units to preferred units for this physical quantity type. A preferred unit is either a Base Unit or a Derived Unit that is selected for all values of one physical quantity type.
XML Instance Representation
<gml:roughConversionToPreferredUnit
uom="gml:UomIdentifier [1]">
Start Choice [1]
<gml:factor> double </gml:factor> [1]
<gml:formula> gml:FormulaType </gml:formula> [1]
End Choice
</gml:roughConversionToPreferredUnit>
Schema Component Representation
<element name="roughConversionToPreferredUnit" type="gml:ConversionToPreferredUnitType"/>
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Element: unitOfMeasure

NameunitOfMeasure
Typegml:UnitOfMeasureType
Nillableno
Abstractno
DocumentationThe element gml:unitOfMeasure is a property element to refer to a unit of measure. This is an empty element which carries a reference to a unit of measure definition.
XML Instance Representation
<gml:unitOfMeasure
uom="gml:UomIdentifier [1]"/>
Schema Component Representation
<element name="unitOfMeasure" type="gml:UnitOfMeasureType"/>
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Global Definitions

Complex Type: BaseUnitType

Super-types:gml:DefinitionType < UnitDefinitionType (by extension) < BaseUnitType (by extension)
Sub-types:None
NameBaseUnitType
Abstractno
XML Instance Representation
<...
gml:id="[1]">
<gml:description> ... </gml:description> [0..1]
<gml:name> ... </gml:name> [0..*]
<gml:remarks> ... </gml:remarks> [0..1]
<gml:unitsSystem> gml:ReferenceType </gml:unitsSystem> [1]
</...>
Schema Component Representation
<complexType name="BaseUnitType">
<complexContent>
<extension base="gml:UnitDefinitionType">
<sequence>
<element name="unitsSystem" type="gml:ReferenceType"/>
</sequence>
</extension>
</complexContent>
</complexType>
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Complex Type: ConventionalUnitType

Super-types:gml:DefinitionType < UnitDefinitionType (by extension) < ConventionalUnitType (by extension)
Sub-types:None
NameConventionalUnitType
Abstractno
XML Instance Representation
<...
gml:id="[1]">
<gml:description> ... </gml:description> [0..1]
<gml:name> ... </gml:name> [0..*]
<gml:remarks> ... </gml:remarks> [0..1]
Start Choice [1]
End Choice
</...>
Schema Component Representation
<complexType name="ConventionalUnitType">
<complexContent>
<extension base="gml:UnitDefinitionType">
<sequence>
<choice></choice>
<element ref="gml:derivationUnitTerm" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</sequence>
</extension>
</complexContent>
</complexType>
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Complex Type: ConversionToPreferredUnitType

Super-types:UnitOfMeasureType < ConversionToPreferredUnitType (by extension)
Sub-types:None
NameConversionToPreferredUnitType
Abstractno
DocumentationThe inherited attribute uom references the preferred unit that this conversion applies to. The conversion of a unit to the preferred unit for this physical quantity type is specified by an arithmetic conversion (scaling and/or offset). The content model extends gml:UnitOfMeasureType, which has a mandatory attribute uom which identifies the preferred unit for the physical quantity type that this conversion applies to. The conversion is specified by a choice of - gml:factor, which defines the scale factor, or - gml:formula, which defines a formula by which a value using the conventional unit of measure can be converted to obtain the corresponding value using the preferred unit of measure. The formula defines the parameters of a simple formula by which a value using the conventional unit of measure can be converted to the corresponding value using the preferred unit of measure. The formula element contains elements a, b, c and d, whose values use the XML Schema type double. These values are used in the formula y = (a + bx) / (c + dx), where x is a value using this unit, and y is the corresponding value using the base unit. The elements a and d are optional, and if values are not provided, those parameters are considered to be zero. If values are not provided for both a and d, the formula is equivalent to a fraction with numerator and denominator parameters.
XML Instance Representation
<...
uom="gml:UomIdentifier [1]">
Start Choice [1]
<gml:factor> double </gml:factor> [1]
<gml:formula> gml:FormulaType </gml:formula> [1]
End Choice
</...>
Schema Component Representation
<complexType name="ConversionToPreferredUnitType">
<complexContent>
<extension base="gml:UnitOfMeasureType">
<choice>
<element name="factor" type="double"/>
<element name="formula" type="gml:FormulaType"/>
</choice>
</extension>
</complexContent>
</complexType>
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Complex Type: DerivationUnitTermType

Super-types:UnitOfMeasureType < DerivationUnitTermType (by extension)
Sub-types:None
NameDerivationUnitTermType
Abstractno
XML Instance Representation
<...
uom="gml:UomIdentifier [1]"
exponent="integer [0..1]"/>
Schema Component Representation
<complexType name="DerivationUnitTermType">
<complexContent>
<extension base="gml:UnitOfMeasureType">
<attribute name="exponent" type="integer"/>
</extension>
</complexContent>
</complexType>
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Complex Type: DerivedUnitType

Super-types:gml:DefinitionType < UnitDefinitionType (by extension) < DerivedUnitType (by extension)
Sub-types:None
NameDerivedUnitType
Abstractno
XML Instance Representation
<...
gml:id="[1]">
<gml:description> ... </gml:description> [0..1]
<gml:name> ... </gml:name> [0..*]
<gml:remarks> ... </gml:remarks> [0..1]
</...>
Schema Component Representation
<complexType name="DerivedUnitType">
<complexContent>
<extension base="gml:UnitDefinitionType">
<sequence>
<element ref="gml:derivationUnitTerm" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</sequence>
</extension>
</complexContent>
</complexType>
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Complex Type: FormulaType

Super-types:None
Sub-types:None
NameFormulaType
Abstractno
XML Instance Representation
<...>
<gml:a> double </gml:a> [0..1]
<gml:b> double </gml:b> [1]
<gml:c> double </gml:c> [1]
<gml:d> double </gml:d> [0..1]
</...>
Schema Component Representation
<complexType name="FormulaType">
<sequence>
<element name="a" type="double" minOccurs="0"/>
<element name="b" type="double"/>
<element name="c" type="double"/>
<element name="d" type="double" minOccurs="0"/>
</sequence>
</complexType>
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Complex Type: UnitDefinitionType

Super-types:gml:DefinitionType < UnitDefinitionType (by extension)
Sub-types:
NameUnitDefinitionType
Abstractno
XML Instance Representation
<...
gml:id="[1]">
<gml:description> ... </gml:description> [0..1]
<gml:name> ... </gml:name> [0..*]
<gml:remarks> ... </gml:remarks> [0..1]
</...>
Schema Component Representation
<complexType name="UnitDefinitionType">
<complexContent>
<extension base="gml:DefinitionType">
<sequence>
<element ref="gml:quantityType" minOccurs="0"/>
<element ref="gml:quantityTypeReference" minOccurs="0"/>
<element ref="gml:catalogSymbol" minOccurs="0"/>
</sequence>
</extension>
</complexContent>
</complexType>
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Complex Type: UnitOfMeasureType

Super-types:None
Sub-types:
NameUnitOfMeasureType
Abstractno
XML Instance Representation
<...
uom="gml:UomIdentifier [1]"/>
Schema Component Representation
<complexType name="UnitOfMeasureType">
<sequence/>
<attribute name="uom" type="gml:UomIdentifier" use="required"/>
</complexType>
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Legend

Complex Type:

Schema Component Type

AusAddress

Schema Component Name
Super-types:Address < AusAddress (by extension)
Sub-types:
  • QLDAddress (by restriction)
If this schema component is a type definition, its type hierarchy is shown in a gray-bordered box.
NameAusAddress
Abstractno
The table above displays the properties of this schema component.
XML Instance Representation
<... country="Australia">
<unitNo> string </unitNo> [0..1]
<houseNo> string </houseNo> [1]
<street> string </street> [1]
Start Choice[1]
<city> string </city> [1]
<town> string </town> [1]
End Choice
<state> AusStates </state> [1]
<postcode> string <<pattern = [1-9][0-9]{3}>> </postcode> [1]?
</...>

The XML Instance Representation table above shows the schema component's content as an XML instance.

Schema Component Representation
<complexTypename="AusAddress">
<complexContent>
<extensionbase="Address">
<sequence>
<elementname="state" type="AusStates"/>
<elementname="postcode">
<simpleType>
<restrictionbase="string">
<patternvalue="[1-9][0-9]{3}"/>
</restriction>
</simpleType>
</element>
</sequence>
<attributename="country" type="string" fixed="Australia"/>
</extension>
</complexContent>
</complexType>
The Schema Component Representation table above displays the underlying XML representation of the schema component. (Annotations are not shown.)
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Glossary

Abstract (Applies to complex type definitions and element declarations). An abstract element or complex type cannot used to validate an element instance. If there is a reference to an abstract element, only element declarations that can substitute the abstract element can be used to validate the instance. For references to abstract type definitions, only derived types can be used.

All Model Group Child elements can be provided in any order in instances. See: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/#element-all.

Choice Model Group Only one from the list of child elements and model groups can be provided in instances. See: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/#element-choice.

Collapse Whitespace Policy Replace tab, line feed, and carriage return characters with space character (Unicode character 32). Then, collapse contiguous sequences of space characters into single space character, and remove leading and trailing space characters.

Disallowed Substitutions (Applies to element declarations). If substitution is specified, then substitution group members cannot be used in place of the given element declaration to validate element instances. If derivation methods, e.g. extension, restriction, are specified, then the given element declaration will not validate element instances that have types derived from the element declaration's type using the specified derivation methods. Normally, element instances can override their declaration's type by specifying an xsi:type attribute.

Key Constraint Like Uniqueness Constraint, but additionally requires that the specified value(s) must be provided. See: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/#cIdentity-constraint_Definitions.

Key Reference Constraint Ensures that the specified value(s) must match value(s) from a Key Constraint or Uniqueness Constraint. See: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/#cIdentity-constraint_Definitions.

Model Group Groups together element content, specifying the order in which the element content can occur and the number of times the group of element content may be repeated. See: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/#Model_Groups.

Nillable (Applies to element declarations). If an element declaration is nillable, instances can use the xsi:nil attribute. The xsi:nil attribute is the boolean attribute, nil, from the http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance namespace. If an element instance has an xsi:nil attribute set to true, it can be left empty, even though its element declaration may have required content.

Notation A notation is used to identify the format of a piece of data. Values of elements and attributes that are of type, NOTATION, must come from the names of declared notations. See: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/#cNotation_Declarations.

Preserve Whitespace Policy Preserve whitespaces exactly as they appear in instances.

Prohibited Derivations (Applies to type definitions). Derivation methods that cannot be used to create sub-types from a given type definition.

Prohibited Substitutions (Applies to complex type definitions). Prevents sub-types that have been derived using the specified derivation methods from validating element instances in place of the given type definition.

Replace Whitespace Policy Replace tab, line feed, and carriage return characters with space character (Unicode character 32).

Sequence Model Group Child elements and model groups must be provided in the specified order in instances. See: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/#element-sequence.

Substitution Group Elements that are members of a substitution group can be used wherever the head element of the substitution group is referenced.

Substitution Group Exclusions (Applies to element declarations). Prohibits element declarations from nominating themselves as being able to substitute a given element declaration, if they have types that are derived from the original element's type using the specified derivation methods.

Target Namespace The target namespace identifies the namespace that components in this schema belongs to. If no target namespace is provided, then the schema components do not belong to any namespace.

Uniqueness Constraint Ensures uniqueness of an element/attribute value, or a combination of values, within a specified scope. See: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/#cIdentity-constraint_Definitions.

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