CANADIAN AND WORLD MINERAL DEPOSIT DATABASES
Geological Survey of Canada


Deposit number Country Location Names Commodities
805 Italy (Tuscany) 42.46.36 N -- 010.25.11 E Terra Nera; Tera Nera Fe
 
Database name: World Fe-oxide+/-Cu-Au-U (IOCG) deposits
Compilers: Sunil S. Gandhi
Release date: 2015-03-04
   
Deposit name(s): Terra Nera; Tera Nera
Political location(s): Italy; Province or state: Tuscany; Subprovince or locality: Elba Island; Nearest community: Rome (194 km 301°)
Deposit clan (type): Iron Skarn-type
Deposit (sub) types: primary mineralization is reportedly massive iron skarn-type; it was fragmented during tectonic transportation and later affected by surface oxidation and redeposition of second generation specularite; Reference: Duenkel, I.; Kuhlemann, J.; Nohlen, U., 2003: Iron Ore Formation and Neotectonic Evolution in Elba (Tuscany, Italy) during Messinian Plutonism; Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie. Abhandlungen, Volume 230, p. 391 - 407
Deposit status: past producer; Size category: unknown
Geologic province: Alpine Orogen
Geologic subprovince: Apennines
Geologic district: Northern Apennines
Deposit object located: centre-deposit on surface
Commodities: Fe
Mineralization styles: massive magnetite pods in skarn; skarn boudins in brecciated and sheared zone; specularite disseminations in fault gouge; fracture-fillings by late stage hematite and pyrit
Geological ages: Late Miocene (mineralization)
Late Miocene (related magmatics)
Tectonic setting: continental unstated-unqualified; extensional; Formal name: Late Miocene extension and related plutonism (related igneous rocks)
Coincident features: low angle nappe (skarns formed at contact of Monte Cappane intrusion carried east by nappes; boudins of skarn in 3 to 7 m thick cataclastic zone at base of Zucalle det); Coincident feature name: Zucalle Detachment Fault
gouge in cataclastic fault zone (late stage, disseminated specularite mineralization in fault gouge; fractured specularite crystals healed by fine grained hematite); Coincident feature name: Zucalle Detachment Fault
Regional tectonic structure: shallow-dipping extensional slides of Late Miocene age with eastward transport (Capo Calamita, Terra Nera, Rio Marina and Rio Albano deposits transported with detachments) Tectonic structure name: Extensional Allochthons
A group of breccia bodies indicaing forceful injection of mineralizing fluids (low angle flysch nappes formed during rise of Monte Cappane intrusion moved east due to gravitational gliding ) Tectonic structure name: early detachments
late stage detachment (continued differential updoming of the intrusion developed second low angle nappe cutting earlier ones) Tectonic structure name: Zucalle Detachment Fault
Host rocks: (1) metamorphic; metasedimentary schist (Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic strata); Depositional setting: continental; Metamorphic grade: greenschist
External host rock forms:schists and quartzites
Host rock protoliths:carbonaceous shale, siliciclastic sediments, carbo (Carboniferous, Triassic and Jurassic sediments deformed and metamorphosed to greenschist facies); Host rock protolith name: Complex III of Elba Island
Internal host rock structures:foliated to layered; crenulated
Individual lithologies:graphitic schist (Tuscan continental sediments deposited on western Adriatic microplate deformed during Oligicene-Miocene Apennitic collision phase)
quartzite
marble
Host rock stratigraphy:Complex III of Elba Island
Metallogenic signatures: Fe
Alteration signatures: skarn: hedenbergite, garnet, epidote in skarn iron ore; What was altered: carbonates
Mineralogy: (alteration): hedenbergite, garnet, epidote
(mineralization): magnetite, specularite, pyrite
Radiometric ages: Object dated: Host Rocks(1); Age - Ma: 19.7; +0.5; -0.5; Dating method: Ar-Ar; Concentrate: muscovite; Source rock: calcschist; Formal name: Apenninic orogenic event; Event dated: metamorphism; Interpretive comment: the plateau age dates the last compressive event of Apenninic collision recorded in Elba Island; Reference: Deino, A.; Keller, J. V. A.; Minelli, G.; Pialli, G., 1992: Datazioni 40Ar/39Ar del Metamorfismo dell' Unità di Ortano - Rio Marina (Isola d'Elba): Risulta di Preliminari; Studi Geologica Camerti, Volume 2, p. 187 - 192
Deposit shape: unknown
Qualified comments: (Applies to: mineralization) One of the Elba deposits mined since 2500 years ago; Terra Nera and nearby Capo Bianco deposits resemble Ginevro deposit; total ore production in Elba estimated at 50 Mt and resources at some 26 Mt.
References:
Deino, A.; Keller, J. V. A.; Minelli, G.; Pialli, G., 1992
Datazioni 40Ar/39Ar del Metamorfismo dell' Unità di Ortano - Rio Marina (Isola d'Elba): Risulta di Preliminari
Studi Geologica Camerti, Volume 2, p. 187 - 192

Duenkel, I.; Kuhlemann, J.; Nohlen, U., 2003
Iron Ore Formation and Neotectonic Evolution in Elba (Tuscany, Italy) during Messinian Plutonism
Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie. Abhandlungen, Volume 230, p. 391 - 407

Keller, J. V. A. ; Pialli, G., 1990
Tectonics of the Island of Elba
Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, Volume 109, p. 413 - 425

Keller, J. V. A.; Minelli, G.; Pialli, G., 1994
Anatomy of Late Orogenic Extension: The Northern Apennine Case
Tectonophysics, Volume 238, p. 275 - 294

Kligfield, R., 1979
The Northern Apennines as a Collisional Orogen
American Journal of Science, Volume 279, p. 676 - 691

Zitzmann, A., 1977
The Iron Deposits of Italy
in The Iron Ore Deposits of Europe and Adjacent Areas: Explanatory Notes to the International Map of the Iron Ore Deposits of Europe, 1:2,500,000 (Text and Figures), Edited by Walther, H. W.; Zitzmann, A., International Geological Congress, Commission for the Geological Map of the World, Subcommission for the Metallogenic Map of the World, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Postfach 51 01 53, D-3000 Hannover 51, Volume I, 418 p, p. 209 - 218

Zitzmann, A. Editor(s)), 1978
The Iron Ore Deposits of Europe and Adjacent Areas: Explanatory Notes to the International Map of the Iron Ore Deposits of Europe, 1:2,500,000 (Lists and Tables)
International Geological Congress, Commission for the Geological Map of the World, Subcommission for the Metallogenic Map of the World, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Postfach 51 01 53, D-3000 Hannover 51, Volume II, 386 p.


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