CANADIAN AND WORLD MINERAL DEPOSIT DATABASES
Geological Survey of Canada


Deposit number Country Location Names Commodities
571 Kazakhstan (Qostanay) 53.03.00 N -- 063.12.00 E Sokolovsk Fe; P
 
Database name: World Fe-oxide+/-Cu-Au-U (IOCG) deposits
Compilers: Sunil S. Gandhi
Release date: 2015-03-04
   
Deposit name(s): Sokolovsk
Political location(s): Kazakhstan; Province or state: Qostanay; Nearest community: Ekaterinburg, Russia (640 km 155°)
Deposit clan (type): Kiruna-type
Deposit (sub) types: described as 'contact metasomatic' deposit northwest of the Sokolovsk gabbro-diorite-granodiorite pluton; hosted by a limestone-tuff unit; skarn minerals in ore zones; scapolite zone in hanging wall ; Reference: Sokolov, G. A.; Grigor'ev, V. M., 1977: Deposits of Iron; in Ore Deposits of the USSR, Volume 1, Edited by Smirnov, V. I., Academy of Science, the Union Soviet Socialist Republics, Pitman Publishing Ltd., Pitman House, 39 Parker Street, London WC2B 5PB, U. K., 352 p, p. 7 - 113
massive magnetite ore
Deposit status: producer; Size category: 1 billion tonnes
Geologic province: Uralian Orogen
Geologic subprovince: Valerianovsky Belt / Ural-Tobol Zone
Geologic district: Turgai
Commodities: Fe; P
Mineralization styles: stratiform magnetite lenses; disseminations around massive bodies; banded; breccia-fillings; replacement; streaky
Geological ages: Early Carboniferous (host rocks)
Early Carboniferous (mineralization)
Tectonic setting: continental marginal rift-graben; divergent; Formal name: Valerianov Belt / Ural-Tobol Zone (host rocks)
Coincident features: intrusive contact (mineralization near contact of a folded carbonate-tuff unit and the Sokolovsk intrusion); Coincident feature name: Sokolovsk Intrusion
bedding in host strata (replacement of interbedded tuffs and carbonates; layered ore passes laterally into unaltered host units); Coincident feature name: Valerianov Group
folding (deposit on eastern limb of an anticline; pre-, syn- and post-ore structures localized intrusions and ore); Coincident feature name: Sarbai-Sokolovsk anticline
pre-ore faults (deep-seated long-developing fault along the strike of the deposit, traversed by subvolcanic intrusive bodies); Coincident feature name: Sokolovsk Fault
post-ore faults (NE faults subparallel to the trend of the host strata; post-ore faults caused block movements, shears and fractures); Coincident feature name: Set of NE and SE Faults
dykes (a complex system of pre-ore and post-ore dykes, related to the Valerianov volcano-plutonic assemblage, affected the mineralized zones); Coincident feature name: pre-ore and post-ore dykes
Regional tectonic structure: NNE-trending fault-bounded Early Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary assemblage (deposit on eastern limb of a NNE-trending anticline that hosts the Sarbai deposit on the western limb; subsidiary folds present ) Tectonic structure name: Valerianov Trend
host strata deposited in one of the post-collisional rifts (the rifts characterized by basalt-dominated alkaline volcanism) Tectonic structure name: Valerianov Trend
Host rocks: (1) sedimentary; carbonate (interbedded with tuffaceous sediments); Magma series/sedimentary package/metamorphic group: carbonate-tuff; Depositional setting: ensialic rift; Metamorphic grade: greenschist
External host rock forms:well bedded
Host rock protoliths:calcareous sediments amd mafic tuffs (the host limestone is part of an andesitic volcanics-volcaniclastic assemblage); Host rock protolith name: unit of Valerianov Group
Internal host rock structures:fine grained
Individual lithologies:limestone and tuffaceous sediments (interbedded with andesitic porphyries and diverse volcaniclastic rocks, some of which show extensive hematite alteration indicative of subaerial flows)
Host rock stratigraphy:Valerianov Group
Related igneous rocks: (1) intrusive; gabbro-diorite suite (related to volcanics in the host sequence); Initials: Sokolovsk Intrusion; Magma series: subalkaline; Depositional setting: continental
Individual lithologies:gabbro-diorite-granodiorite (differentiated intrusion; 15 km long, 3.5 km wide; southeast of Sokolovsk deposit; trend NE)
Country rocks: (1) intermediate volcanics; (interbedded sediments; related intrusions); Country rock name: Valerianov Group; Metamorphic grade: greenschist
Country rock protoliths:intermediate volcanics (post-collisional, continental rift-related assemblage andesitic volcanics and associated sediments); Country rock protolith name: Valerianov Group
Individual lithologies:andesites, calcareous sediments (1 km thick andesites and volcaniclastic rocks, with interbeds of sediments and carbonates)

(2) granite suite; (gabbro-diorite-granodiorite ); Country rock name: Valerianov volcano-plutonic assemblage; Metamorphic grade: greenschist-amphibolite
Country rock protoliths:gabbro-diorite-granodiorite (differentiated plutons exemplified by the Sarbai and Sokolovsk intrusions of early carboniferous age); Country rock protolith name: Valerianov volcano-plutonic assemblage
Metallogenic signatures: Fe-P-Cu
Alteration signatures: albitization: albite; What was altered: feldspars
skarn: andraditic garnet and diopsidic clinopyroxene; What was altered: calcareous rocks
scapolitization: scapolite (10-28 % Meionite; Cl-bearing), pyroxene; What was altered: hanging wall strata
chloritization: chlorite; What was altered: mafic silicates
epidotization: epidote; What was altered: mafic minerals
hematization: hematite; What was altered: magnetite
oxidation: martite; What was altered: magnetite
Mineralogy: (alteration): diopside, actinolite, andradite-grossularite, scapolite (marialite), albite, epidote, idocrase, chlorite, prehnite, marcasite, martite, zeolite
(gangue): calcite
(mineralization): magnetite, pyrite, hematite, apatite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite
Deposit shape: zone of stacked tabular bodies and lenses
Deposit dimensions:strike length: 5.6 kilometres
thickness: 0.5 kilometres
length down-dip: 1 kilometres
Qualified comments: (Applies to: discovery and development) Location 10 km E of Sarbai deposit; discovery in 1949; reserves in 1971: 967 Mt grading 41 % Fe; plus a large subeconomic tonnage; mined since 1957; open pit 3 km long; underground mining to the north. Zone of stacked stratiform lenses: 5.6 long, 0.5 km thick, dips 50° E for 1 km; change of dip to the west near south end; 5 main mineralized layers in limestone unit; ore contains 2.5-3.3 % S.

(Applies to: regional geology) This depsit is similar to Sarbai, being hosted by bituminous limestone and calcareous tuffs and tuffites, which are contained in the intermediate volcanic unit, and which are replaced.
References:
Anonymous, 1977
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
in The Iron Ore Deposits of Europe and Adjacent Areas: Explanatory Notes to the International Map of the Iron Ore Deposits of Europe, 1:2,500,000 (Lists and Tables), Edited by Zitzmann, A., International Geological Congress, Commission for the Geological Map of the World, Subcommission for the Metallogenic Map of the World, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Postfach 51 01 53, D-3000 Hannover 51, Volume II, 386 p, p. 218 - 283

Belevtsev, Ya. N.; Bukharev, V. P.; Naumenko, V. V.; Goncharuk, A. F.; Popov, B. A.; Stepanov, V. A.; Usenko, A. I., 1982
Volcanogenic Origin for Magnetite Ores of the Urals
International Geology Review, Volume 24, p. 1405 - 1416

Brown, D.; Juhlin, C.; Alvarez-Marron, A.; Perez-Estaun, A.; Olianski, A., 1998
Crustal-scale Structure and Evolution of an Arc-Continent Collision Zone in the Southern Urals, Russia
Tectonics, Volume 17, p. 158 - 171

Fershtater, G. B.; Monetero, P.; Borodina, N. S.; Pushkarev, E. V.; Smirnov, V. N.; Bea, F., 1997
Uralian Magmatism: An Overview
Tectonophysics, Volume 276, p. 87 - 102

Herrington, R.; Smith, M.; Maslennikov, V.; Belogub, E.; Armstrong, R., 2002
A Short Review of Paleozoic Hydrothermal Magnetite Iron-Oxide Deposits of the South and Central Urals, and their Geological Setting
Section Eurasia and Africa, in Hydrothermal Iron Oxide Copper-Gold and Related Deposits: A Global Perspective, Volume 2, Edited by Porter, T. M., Australian Mineral Foundation, Adelaide, Australia, PGC Publishing, Adelaide, 377 p, p. 343 - 354

Koroteev, V. A.; de Boorder, H.; Necheukhin, V. M.; Sazonov, V. N., 1997
Geodynamic Setting of the Mineral Deposits of the Urals
Tectonophysics, Volume 276, p. 291 - 300

Sokolov, G. A.; Grigor'ev, V. M., 1977
Deposits of Iron
in Ore Deposits of the USSR, Volume 1, Edited by Smirnov, V. I., Academy of Science, the Union Soviet Socialist Republics, Pitman Publishing Ltd., Pitman House, 39 Parker Street, London WC2B 5PB, U. K., 352 p, p. 7 - 113

Zitzmann, A., 1977
The Iron Ore Deposits of the Western U. S. S. R.
Section The Iron Ore Deposits of Europe and Adjacent Areas, in The Iron Ore Deposits of Europe and Adjacent Areas: Explanatory Notes to the International Map of the Iron Ore Deposits of Europe, 1:2,500,000 (Text and Figures), Edited by Walther, H. W.; Zitzmann, A., International Geological Congress, Commission for the Geological Map of the World, Subcommission for the Metallogenic Map of the World, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Postfach 51 01 53, D-3000 Hannover 51, Volume I, 418 p, p. 325 - 391


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