CANADIAN AND WORLD MINERAL DEPOSIT DATABASES
Geological Survey of Canada


Deposit number Country Location Names Commodities
568 Russia (Chelyabinsk Oblast) 53.16.30 N -- 059.14.20 E Magnitogorsk; Gora Magnitnaya (Magnetite Mountain) Fe; Ti
 
Database name: World Fe-oxide+/-Cu-Au-U (IOCG) deposits
Compilers: Sunil S. Gandhi
Release date: 2015-03-04
   
Deposit name(s): Magnitogorsk; Gora Magnitnaya (Magnetite Mountain)
Political location(s): Russia; Province or state: Chelyabinsk Oblast; Nearest community: Ekaterinburg (500 km 195°)
Deposit clan (type): Kiruna-type
Deposit (sub) types: regarded as the type calk-skarn magnetite deposit of contact metasomatic origin in Russian literature; exoskarns; two main ore bodies stratiform: western dipping 20-25° W and eastern dipping 10-15° SW; Reference: Zitzmann, A. (Editor(s)), 1978: The Iron Ore Deposits of Europe and Adjacent Areas: Explanatory Notes to the International Map of the Iron Ore Deposits of Europe, 1:2,500,000 (Lists and Tables); International Geological Congress, Commission for the Geological Map of the World, Subcommission for the Metallogenic Map of the World, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Postfach 51 01 53, D-3000 Hannover 51, Volume II, 386 p.
two stages of mineralization: first with garnet, pyroxene and magnetite, and the second with pyrite, magnetite, chalcopyrite, hematite, quartz, epidote, calcite etc.; oxidized ore to a depth of 22.6 m; Reference: Zitzmann, A. (Editor(s)), 1978: The Iron Ore Deposits of Europe and Adjacent Areas: Explanatory Notes to the International Map of the Iron Ore Deposits of Europe, 1:2,500,000 (Lists and Tables); International Geological Congress, Commission for the Geological Map of the World, Subcommission for the Metallogenic Map of the World, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Postfach 51 01 53, D-3000 Hannover 51, Volume II, 386 p.
Deposit status: exhausted; Size category: 500 Mt
Geologic province: Uralian Orogen
Geologic subprovince: Magnitogorsk Zone
Geologic district: Magnitogorsk
Commodities: Fe; Ti
Mineralization styles: stratiform massive magnetite lenses; banded; veins and associated disseminations; spotty
Geological ages: Early Carboniferous (mineralization)
Early Carboniferous (host rocks)
Tectonic setting: continental marginal arc-arc; convergent; Formal name: Magnitigorsk Zone (mineralization)
Coincident features: intrusive contact (mineralization in limestone-siltstone-tuff sequence up to 200 m thick; 200 to 400 m above a concordant granitic sheet marginal to earlier gabbro phase); Coincident feature name: gabbro-granite-syenite pluton
folding (subsidiary anticlines and synclines parallel to the main N-S trend; granitic bodies emplaced at fold cores); Coincident feature name: second order folds
host lithology (mineralization by hydrothermal fluids in reactive limestone unit; albitization of footwall and hanging wall units followed by skarn alteration); Coincident feature name: limestone
post-ore faults (one of the east-side down faults is between the two main ore bodies, which are about 400 m apart horizontally, dip gently to the west, and are at the ); Coincident feature name: reverse faults
Regional tectonic structure: post-collisional continental rift (developed after Late Silurian to Devonian arc, back-arc and inter-arc complexes collided with the Russian plate to the east) Tectonic structure name: Magnitogorsk Zone of Uralide Orogen
Host rocks: (1) sedimentary; carbonate (interbedded with sandstone, siltstone and tuff); Magma series/sedimentary package/metamorphic group: carbonate; Depositional setting: ensialic rift; Metamorphic grade: greenschist-amphibolite
External host rock forms:well bedded
Host rock protoliths:calcareous sediments amd mafic tuffs (mainly limestone, subordinate tuffaceous siltstones and sandstone); Host rock protolith name: Berezov Sequence
Internal host rock structures:fine grained
Individual lithologies:limestone and tuffaceous sediments (calcareous beds; skarnification around the deposit and extending farther along the bedding)
Host rock stratigraphy:Berezov Sequence
Related igneous rocks: (1) intrusive; gabbro-diorite suite (differentiated; late stage granitic sheets); Initials: Magnitogorsk Intrusion; Magma series: calc-alkaline; Depositional setting: continental
Individual lithologies:gabbro-granite-syenite (intrusive evolved from early gabbro stage to late stage amphibole granite and syenite; comagmatic with early Carboniferous volcanics it intrudes )
Country rocks: (1) volcano-sedimentary assemblage; (Early Devonian arc complex); Country rock name: Magnitogorsk Arc; Metamorphic grade: greenschist-amphibolite
Country rock protoliths:mafic-felsic volcanics and associated sediments (ensimatic arc, inter-arc and back-arc volcano-plutonic complexes; collided with the Russian plate to the east during Late Devonian); Country rock protolith name: Magnitogorsk Arc
Individual lithologies:basalt-andesite-rhyolite flows (mainly volcanics with associated tuffs and sediments; intruded by comagmatic plutons of early Devonian age)

(2) mafic-intermediate volcanics; (underlying the host beds); Country rock name: Koltuban sequence; Metamorphic grade: greenschist-amphibolite
Country rock protoliths:mafic to intermediate flows (Late Devonian thick basaltic sequence; porphyrites and tuffs; an island arc sequence); Country rock protolith name: Koltuban sequence

(3) mafic volcanics; (overlying the host limestone); Country rock name: Berezov sequence; Metamorphic grade: greenschist-amphibolite
Country rock protoliths:basalt-andesite (basalt, liparite, andesitic basalt and diabasic intrusives); Country rock protolith name: Berezov sequence
Individual lithologies:basalt-andesitic basalt-diabase (500 to 800 m thick, with 150 to 600 m thick volcano-sedimentary rocks above it)

(4) carbonate; (1 km thick Namurian limestone); Country rock name: Kizil sequence; Metamorphic grade: greenschist-amphibolite
Country rock protoliths:limestone (about 1000 m thick limestone unit of the Kizil sequence); Country rock protolith name: Namurian limestone
Individual lithologies:limestone (overlain by 50 m of continental Tertiary sediments, including detrital martite ore)

(5) granite suite; (gabbro-granite-syenite); Country rock name: Magnitogorsk Intrusive Suite; Metamorphic grade: greenschist-amphibolite
Country rock protoliths:gabbro-subalkaline granite-syenite (several differentiated plutons, including the Magnitogorsk intrusion, of early Carboniferous age along a 150 km long NNE-trending fault zone ); Country rock protolith name: Magnitogorsk Intrusive Suite
Individual lithologies:gabbro-subalkaline granite-syenite (a gabbro-granite breccia zone between stock-like bodies in the Magnitogorsk intrusion; sheet-like granite intrusions common)
Metallogenic signatures: Fe-Ti-V-P-Cu-Co-Mn
Alteration signatures: albitization: albite; What was altered: feldspars
skarn: garnet, diopside, epidote, calcite, apatite; What was altered: limestone, tuffaceous beds, volcanics
oxidation and supergene enrichment: hematite; What was altered: magnetite
Mineralogy: (alteration): garnet, pyroxene, epidote, hematite
(gangue): calcite, quartz
(mineralization): magnetite, martite, mushketovite, pyrite, chalcopyrite
Deposit shape: lensoid
Deposit dimensions:strike length: 1,800 metres
length down-dip: 2,500 metres
thickness: 40.7 metres

lensoid
Deposit dimensions:strike length: 1,400 metres
length down-dip: 1,200 metres
thickness: 44.2 metres
Qualified comments: (Applies to: discovery and development) Gora Magnitnaya (Magnetic Mountain) known since 1747; mining since 1929; open pits on 2 main ore bodies; production till 1975: 429 Mt; average grade 48.6 % Fe and 0.13 % Ti; minor P, V, Cu, Co and Mn. Resources of some 500 Mt in main ore bodies that supported a nearby iron and steel complex, are practically exhausted. Ore supply presently from open pit at 60 Mt Maliy Kuibas deposit 14 km to the NNE. The Magnitogorsk district includes two lower grade deposits, the Berezky and Dimitrovskoye, which contain 12.5 Mt and 9 Mt, respectively; in addiiton there are 30 smaller deposits; all are iron skarns.
References:
Anonymous, 1977
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
in The Iron Ore Deposits of Europe and Adjacent Areas: Explanatory Notes to the International Map of the Iron Ore Deposits of Europe, 1:2,500,000 (Lists and Tables), Edited by Zitzmann, A., International Geological Congress, Commission for the Geological Map of the World, Subcommission for the Metallogenic Map of the World, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Postfach 51 01 53, D-3000 Hannover 51, Volume II, 386 p, p. 218 - 283

Belevtsev, Ya. N.; Bukharev, V. P.; Naumenko, V. V.; Goncharuk, A. F.; Popov, B. A.; Stepanov, V. A.; Usenko, A. I., 1982
Volcanogenic Origin for Magnetite Ores of the Urals
International Geology Review, Volume 24, p. 1405 - 1416

Brown, D.; Juhlin, C.; Alvarez-Marron, A.; Perez-Estaun, A.; Olianski, A., 1998
Crustal-scale Structure and Evolution of an Arc-Continent Collision Zone in the Southern Urals, Russia
Tectonics, Volume 17, p. 158 - 171

Herrington, R.; Smith, M.; Maslennikov, V.; Belogub, E.; Armstrong, R., 2002
A Short Review of Paleozoic Hydrothermal Magnetite Iron-Oxide Deposits of the South and Central Urals, and their Geological Setting
Section Eurasia and Africa, in Hydrothermal Iron Oxide Copper-Gold and Related Deposits: A Global Perspective, Volume 2, Edited by Porter, T. M., Australian Mineral Foundation, Adelaide, Australia, PGC Publishing, Adelaide, 377 p, p. 343 - 354

Koroteev, V. A.; de Boorder, H.; Necheukhin, V. M.; Sazonov, V. N., 1997
Geodynamic Setting of the Mineral Deposits of the Urals
Tectonophysics, Volume 276, p. 291 - 300

Sokolov, G. A.; Grigor'ev, V. M., 1977
Deposits of Iron
in Ore Deposits of the USSR, Volume 1, Edited by Smirnov, V. I., Academy of Science, the Union Soviet Socialist Republics, Pitman Publishing Ltd., Pitman House, 39 Parker Street, London WC2B 5PB, U. K., 352 p, p. 7 - 113

Zitzmann, A., 1977
The Iron Ore Deposits of the Western U. S. S. R.
Section The Iron Ore Deposits of Europe and Adjacent Areas, in The Iron Ore Deposits of Europe and Adjacent Areas: Explanatory Notes to the International Map of the Iron Ore Deposits of Europe, 1:2,500,000 (Text and Figures), Edited by Walther, H. W.; Zitzmann, A., International Geological Congress, Commission for the Geological Map of the World, Subcommission for the Metallogenic Map of the World, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Postfach 51 01 53, D-3000 Hannover 51, Volume I, 418 p, p. 325 - 391


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