Database name: |
World Fe-oxide+/-Cu-Au-U (IOCG) deposits |
Compilers: |
Sunil S. Gandhi |
Release date: |
2015-03-04 |
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Deposit name(s): |
Kachar |
Political location(s): |
Kazakhstan; Province or state: Qostanay; Nearest community: Ekaterinburg, Russia (560 km 150°) |
Deposit clan (type): |
Kiruna-type |
Deposit (sub) types: |
stratabound tabular and lensoid bodies; earlier regarded as skarn or metamorphosed syngenetic deposit; magmatic hydrothermal origin is favoured lately because of lack of intrusives in the vicinity and the associated extensive alteration; Reference: Herrington, R.; Smith, M.; Maslennikov, V.; Belogub, E.; Armstrong, R., 2002: A Short Review of Paleozoic Hydrothermal Magnetite Iron-Oxide Deposits of the South and Central Urals, and their Geological Setting; Section Eurasia and Africa, in Hydrothermal Iron Oxide Copper-Gold and Related Deposits: A Global Perspective, Volume 2, Edited by Porter, T. M., Australian Mineral Foundation, Adelaide, Australia, PGC Publishing, Adelaide, 377 p, p. 343 - 354 stratabound tabular and lensoid bodies; stacked tabular and lensoid bodies of massive magnetite and lower grade zones of disseminated magnetite above them; ores contain 0.5-3% S, 0.15-0.33% P and 0.02-o.03% Zn with significant V; Reference: Herrington, R.; Smith, M.; Maslennikov, V.; Belogub, E.; Armstrong, R., 2002: A Short Review of Paleozoic Hydrothermal Magnetite Iron-Oxide Deposits of the South and Central Urals, and their Geological Setting; Section Eurasia and Africa, in Hydrothermal Iron Oxide Copper-Gold and Related Deposits: A Global Perspective, Volume 2, Edited by Porter, T. M., Australian Mineral Foundation, Adelaide, Australia, PGC Publishing, Adelaide, 377 p, p. 343 - 354 |
Deposit status: |
producer; Size category: 1 billion tonnes; Status comments: an aeromagnetic discovery in 1943; a major producer of the Turgai district; supplying magnetite ore to the Magnetogorsk steel complex; average grade 44.9 % Fe; potential of additional 1 billion tonnes |
Geologic province: |
Uralian Orogen |
Geologic subprovince: |
Valerianovsky Belt / Ural-Tobol Zone |
Geologic district: |
Turgai |
Deposit object located: |
mine site |
Commodities: |
Fe; P |
Mineralization styles: |
stratabound tabular bodies and lenses; disseminated around massive bodies |
Geological ages: |
Early Carboniferous - Late Carboniferous (host rocks) Early Carboniferous (mineralization) |
Tectonic setting: |
continental marginal rift-graben; divergent; Formal name: Valerianov Trend (host rocks) |
Coincident features: |
bedding in host strata (Stacked tabular bodies and lenses in gently dipping beds); Coincident feature name: Valerianov Group |
Regional tectonic structure: |
NNE-trending fault-bounded Early Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary assemblage (post-collisional rift aassemblage; folded and faulted) Tectonic structure name: Valerianov Trend |
Host rocks: |
(1) volcanic; mafic-intermediate volcanic rocks (intercalated tuffs, carbonates); Magma series/sedimentary package/metamorphic group: calc-alkaline; Depositional setting: ensialic rift; Metamorphic grade: greenschistExternal host rock forms: | flows | Host rock protoliths: | intermediate volcanics (basalt to andesitic flows and tuffs. with interbedded limestone and anhydrite); Host rock protolith name: Valerianov Group | Internal host rock structures: | porphyritic | Individual lithologies: | andesite-basaltic andesite (Lower Carboniferous; deposited in a post-collisional rift ) | Host rock stratigraphy: | Valerianov Group |
(2) sedimentary; carbonate-sandstone-siltstone (interbedded with mafic volcanics); Depositional setting: ensialic rift; Metamorphic grade: greenschist-amphiboliteHost rock protoliths: | limestone (anhydrite layers with clay are intercalated with the limestone); Host rock protolith name: Valerianov Group | Host rock stratigraphy: | Valerianov Group |
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Country rocks: |
(1) mafic-intermediate volcanics; (intercalated tuffs, carbonates); Country rock name: Valerianov Group; Metamorphic grade: greenschist-amphiboliteCountry rock protoliths: | porphyrites-tuffs-limestone-sandstone (host of the Kachar deposit; includes anhydrite seams and lenses that are believed to be hydrothermal); Country rock protolith name: Valerianov Group | Individual lithologies: | andesites, calcareous sediments (strongly altered near the deposit by skarnification and scapolitzation) |
(2) sediments, mafic-intermediate volcanics; (conglomerate, tuffs, volcanics); Country rock name: Kachar Group; Metamorphic grade: greenschistCountry rock protoliths: | conglomerate, tuff, basalt, andesite (middle to late Carboniferous group; overlies the early Carbonifeous Valerianov Group in the rift, and hosts the major magnetite deposits of the belt); Country rock protolith name: Kachar Group | Individual lithologies: | conglomerate, tuff, mafic-intermedi (800 m thick sequence of polymict conglomerates, tuffs, sediments, andesitic basalts and andesites) |
(3) granite suite; (intrusive into Carboniferous strata); Country rock name: Granite porphyries; Metamorphic grade: noneCountry rock protoliths: | granitoid rocks (Middle to Late Carboniferous, intrusions related to the volcanics of the rift-related basin); Country rock protolith name: Granite porphyry | Individual lithologies: | granite (porphyritic granite bodies cut the host sequences of magnetite deposits and are scapolite-altered) |
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Metallogenic signatures: |
Fe-V-Cu-Zn-P |
Alteration signatures: |
scapolitization: scapolite, pyroxene; What was altered: feldspar sulphide alteration: sulphides, anhysrite, alunite; What was altered: host rocks and ore zone anhydrite: anhydrite, discrete bodies; What was altered: limestone and intrusive bodies |
Mineralogy: |
(alteration): chlorite, scapolite, albite, pyroxene, garnet, epidote, alunite (gangue): anhydrite, calcite, titanite, zoisite, prehnite, sericite (mineralization): magnetite, mushketovite, apatite, actinolite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, bornite, chalcocite |
Radiometric ages: |
Object dated: Host Rocks; Age - Ma: 315; +24; -24; Dating method: Rb-Sr; Concentrate: whole rock; Source rock: dacite porphyry; Formal name: extrusive event; Event dated: host rock suite; Interpretive comment: dacite porphyry is interpreted as an extrusive facies the igneous complrx of the Kachar ore field; Reference: Sokolov, G. A.; Grigor'ev, V. M., 1977: Deposits of Iron; in Ore Deposits of the USSR, Volume 1, Edited by Smirnov, V. I., Academy of Science, the Union Soviet Socialist Republics, Pitman Publishing Ltd., Pitman House, 39 Parker Street, London WC2B 5PB, U. K., 352 p, p. 7 - 113 |
Deposit shape: |
zone of stacked tabular bodies and lensesDeposit dimensions: | length: 2 kilometres width: 1.5 kilometres thickness: 0.5 kilometres |
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Qualified comments: |
(Applies to: regional geology) The region comprises a NNE trending fault-bounded linear corridor of Tournasian to Namurian volcano-sedimentary rocks developed between large sedimentary basins. The Carboniferous units in the corridor are entirely covered by Mesozoic to Cainozoisediments which are sub-horizontal ranging from 40 to 180m thick. The magnetite bodies were discovered by airborne and ground geophysics in the 1940s, a magnetic compasses being reportedly deflected when the area was overflown.
(Applies to: deposit geology) Two supergroups have been recognised in the Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary series in the Kachar region. The Lower Carboniferous Valerianovo group underlies a Middle-Late Carboniferous Kachar group. The Valerianovo group comprises 1km of andesitic volcanics and pyroclastics with layers of sediments and carbonates. Anhydrite layers with clay are intercalated in the limestones. The overlying Kachar group contains over 800m of polymict conglomerates, tuffs and sediments and andesitic volcanics basalt and andesite flows and tuff equivalents. |
References: |
Anonymous, 1977 |
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
in The Iron Ore Deposits of Europe and Adjacent Areas: Explanatory Notes to the International Map of the Iron Ore Deposits of Europe, 1:2,500,000 (Lists and Tables), Edited by Zitzmann, A., International Geological Congress, Commission for the Geological Map of the World, Subcommission for the Metallogenic Map of the World, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Postfach 51 01 53, D-3000 Hannover 51, Volume II, 386 p, p. 218 - 283 |
Belevtsev, Ya. N.; Bukharev, V. P.; Naumenko, V. V.; Goncharuk, A. F.; Popov, B. A.; Stepanov, V. A.; Usenko, A. I., 1982 |
Volcanogenic Origin for Magnetite Ores of the Urals |
International Geology Review, Volume 24, p. 1405 - 1416 |
Brown, D.; Juhlin, C.; Alvarez-Marron, A.; Perez-Estaun, A.; Olianski, A., 1998 |
Crustal-scale Structure and Evolution of an Arc-Continent Collision Zone in the Southern Urals, Russia |
Tectonics, Volume 17, p. 158 - 171 |
Fershtater, G. B.; Monetero, P.; Borodina, N. S.; Pushkarev, E. V.; Smirnov, V. N.; Bea, F., 1997 |
Uralian Magmatism: An Overview |
Tectonophysics, Volume 276, p. 87 - 102 |
Herrington, R.; Smith, M.; Maslennikov, V.; Belogub, E.; Armstrong, R., 2002 |
A Short Review of Paleozoic Hydrothermal Magnetite Iron-Oxide Deposits of the South and Central Urals, and their Geological Setting |
Section Eurasia and Africa, in Hydrothermal Iron Oxide Copper-Gold and Related Deposits: A Global Perspective, Volume 2, Edited by Porter, T. M., Australian Mineral Foundation, Adelaide, Australia, PGC Publishing, Adelaide, 377 p, p. 343 - 354 |
Koroteev, V. A.; de Boorder, H.; Necheukhin, V. M.; Sazonov, V. N., 1997 |
Geodynamic Setting of the Mineral Deposits of the Urals |
Tectonophysics, Volume 276, p. 291 - 300 |
Sokolov, G. A.; Grigor'ev, V. M., 1977 |
Deposits of Iron |
in Ore Deposits of the USSR, Volume 1, Edited by Smirnov, V. I., Academy of Science, the Union Soviet Socialist Republics, Pitman Publishing Ltd., Pitman House, 39 Parker Street, London WC2B 5PB, U. K., 352 p, p. 7 - 113 |
Zitzmann, A., 1977 |
The Iron Ore Deposits of the Western U. S. S. R. |
Section The Iron Ore Deposits of Europe and Adjacent Areas, in The Iron Ore Deposits of Europe and Adjacent Areas: Explanatory Notes to the International Map of the Iron Ore Deposits of Europe, 1:2,500,000 (Text and Figures), Edited by Walther, H. W.; Zitzmann, A., International Geological Congress, Commission for the Geological Map of the World, Subcommission for the Metallogenic Map of the World, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Postfach 51 01 53, D-3000 Hannover 51, Volume I, 418 p, p. 325 - 391 |
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